The Guishuang were an aristocratic tribe of a lose confederation of Indo-Europeans in Xiyu. Driven west by the Xiongnu in the late 6th century, a chain reaction of tribal movements in response to the Kushans’ migrations west and south occurred and repeated as displaced tribes displaced tribes and then in turn again were displaced themselves. By the late 8th century the Kushans under King Kujula Kadphises (r.780-830) had established themselves over the Greco-Bactrian kingdoms and the northern Indus Valley.