Dr. Ayman Muhammad Rabaie al-Zawahiri (Arabic: أيمن محمد ربيع الظواهري‎) (March 10, 1957 — October 28, 2007) was a prominent leader of al-Qaeda, and was the second and last "emir" of Egyptian Islamic Jihad, having succeeded 'Abbud al-Zummar in the latter role when Egyptian authorities sentenced al-Zummar to life imprisonment. Al-Zawahiri was a qualified surgeon, and is an author of works including numerous al-Qaeda statements. He spoke Arabic and English. Al-Zawahiri was under worldwide embargo by the UN 1267 Committee as a member or affiliate of al-Qaeda until his death in 2001.