Thomas Latimer (Peter) Cleave (1906–1983) was a surgeon captain who researched the negative health effects of consuming refined carbohydrate (notably sugar and white flour) which would not have been available during early human evolution. Known as `Peter' to his friends and colleagues, Cleave was born in Exeter in 1906, and educated at Clifton College. Between 1922-27, he attended medical schools at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, and St Mary's Hospital, London, London, achieving MRCS and LRCP.