The U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) is responsible for regulating the export and reexport of most commercial items. The commercial items BIS regulates are referred to as dual-use items that have both commercial and military or proliferation applications. BIS’s export enforcement activities target the most significant threats facing the United States, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and missile delivery systems, terrorism and state sponsors of terror, and diversions of dual-use technologies to unauthorized military end uses.