The Creationist Society of America was an association founded by Prof. Arthur Pierson Kelley with the specific purpose of combating what the founder believe to be 'fundamentalism' of the Theory of Evolution in both science and society in the United States beginning in the 1930's. The Creationist Society was modelled on its British counterpart the Anti-evolution Movement which had become active two decades earlier. Kelley believed that a slightly modified version would eventually find fertile ground and willing listeners in America.