15 Essentials of being: 1. Arising and non-arising are to be directly known 2. Occurrence and non-occurrence 3. The sign of a formation and non-sign 4. Accumulation of kamma and non-accumulation 5. Rebirth linking and non-rebirth-linking 6. Destination on rebirth and non-destination 7. Generation of aggregates and non-generation 8. Rearising and non-rearising 9. Birth and non-rebirth 10. Ageing and non-ageing 11. Sickness and non-sickness 12. Death and non-death 13. Sorrow and non-sorrow 14. Lamentation and non-lamentation 15. Despair and non-despair