Nation Song Contest 78 was the 78th edition of the Nation Song Contest and it was hosted in Kostanovia for the second time, as a result of their win in the previous edition. Kostanovia had previously hosted Nation Song Contest 54. This was only of the few editions where all 60 roster nations signed up to compete, the first instance being in NSC 30. 60 nations also took part in NSC 69 but the roster was extended to 61 at that time, due to special circumstances. From this edition, Virgohronie changed their nation name to Öösingimaed, and as a result will compete as this in future.