Roger Nelson (1759 – June 7, 1815) was an American politician who represented the fourth district of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives from 1804 to 1810. Nelson was born on "Point of Rocks" plantation, near Frederick, Maryland. He completed preparatory studies, and attended the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. He served in the militia during the American Revolutionary War, and was wounded at the Battle of Camden. He later attained the rank of brigadier general. Roger Nelson was the father of John Nelson, another Maryland congressman.