Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Hapsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa (with whom he co-ruled in a number of territories from 1765 until her death in 1780) and her husband, Francis I, and was the brother of Marie Antoinette who became queen of France. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the House of Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism, and sought to reform education, the law, and culture (he was a patron of Wolfgang Mozart, for example). He also followed a policy of religious tolerance.