List of the promotions of the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Dates of the consistories are known or possible to establish only from the pontificate of Pope Gelasius II (1118–1119). Informations concerning the number and names of the cardinals created before this pontificate are certainly incomplete. For the later period, the available data are probably complete, but for some pontificates (particularly in 12th century) it is impossible to establish the exact number of promotions because in few cases there are doubts whether the promotion really took place and in some others it is not possible to ascertain whether we've got to do with two separate individuals or with the same cardinal promoted from the rank of cardinal-deacon to cardinal-priest.