Bonnie Prince Charlie, also known as Charles Edward Stuart and the Young Pretender, was the grandson of the former King James II of England and James VII of Scotland, who had been overthrown in the Glorious Revolution in November 1688, and Mary Modena. His father was James Stuart, who was known as the Old Pretender. (AUDIO: The Glorious Revolution) In 1780, Reverend Merodach referred to him contemptuously as "an Italian dandy." (AUDIO: Night's Black Agents)