Before World War I, he was a member of Polish pro-independence organizations. During World War I he served in the Polish Legions, and subsequently fought in the 1919–21 Polish-Soviet War. During the Interbellum, he held various posts, including Chief of the General Staff, and Army Inspector. During the September 1939 Campaign, he commanded Army Lublin. His forces were defeated in the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski by German forces, and he became a prisoner of war. After the war, he settled in London, where he died in 1951.