Literary Machines is a book first published in the early 1980s by Ted Nelson. It offers an extensive overview of Nelson's term, hypertext as well as Nelson's Project Xanadu. It also includes other theories by Nelson including Tumblers, for addressing bits in files past and present, transclusion as a method for including original work in one's own work, and micropayments to pay for the use. The format of the book is unique as the chapters are arranged in such a way that the text can be read out of order.