Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996 Hamburg) was a rocket engineer who played a key role in the development of the V-2 rocket and a former high-level Nazi given sanctuary by the American government following World War II. After World War II he was brought to the United States by the OSS, subsequently becoming a pioneer of the United States space program. He worked for the U.S. Army and NASA where he managed the development of several important systems including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket. In 1984 he was investigated for possible war crimes, and he agreed to leave the United States and renounce his US citizenship. He was never prosecuted as a Nazi war criminal while living in the United States.