Microshock is a risk in patients with intracardiac electrical conductors, such as external pacemaker electrodes, saline filled catheters, or weak or old heart tissue within the heart. A current as low as 10uA (microampere) directly through the heart, may send a patient directly into ventricular fibrillation. While Microcshock is a theoretical possibility the unintended induction of VF has not been reliably reported anywhere in 40 years. Modern devices include protections to limit current in cardiac-connected circuits to safe levels.