Captain John Adair (1732–1827), a native of Ireland, built Fort Adair either in 1788 or around 1791 at Grassy Valley, Tennessee. The station was intended to provide supplies for westward-bound migrants and to protect them from hostile Cherokee Indians during the years of the Chickamauga Wars. The existence of a supply depot attracted European settlers to the area and contributed to the development of a settlement around the fortification. Nearby springs provided a constant source of fresh water. Fort Adair served as a supply station for the Cumberland Guard and later for the town of Nashborough, which would become modern Nashville. The Cumberland Guard was a militia organization providing armed protection to migrants to the Cumberland settlements, which would later develop into the town of
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