| abstract
| - This is a list of papal elections since 1059. Since the promulgation of In Nomine Domini (1059), which limited suffrage to the College of Cardinals, there have been 112 papal elections or conclaves that have produced popes currently recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as legitimate. Prior to 1059, there was no fixed process for papal succession, and popes were often selected with substantial secular involvement, if not outright appointed. A papal conclave is a papal election that follows a set of rules and procedures developed in Ubi Perculum (1274) and later papal bulls; observance of the conclave varied between 1276 and 1294, but since 1294 all papal elections have followed relatively similar conclave procedures. Although the cardinals have historically gathered at a handful of other locations within Rome and beyond, only six elections since 1455 have been held outside the Apostolic Palace, Twenty-eight papal elections have been held outside Rome, in: Terracina (1088), Cluny (1119), Velletri (1181), Verona (1185), Ferrara (Oct. 1187), Pisa (Dec. 1187), Perugia (1216, 1264–1265, 1285, 1292–1294, 1304–1305), Anagni (1243), Naples (1254, 1294), Viterbo (1261, 1268–1271, July 1276, Aug.–Sept. 1276, 1277, 1281–1282), Arezzo (Jan. 1276), Carpentras/Lyon (1314–1316), Avignon (1334, 1342, 1352, 1362, 1370), Konstanz (1417) and Venice (1799-1800). Elections that elected papal claimants currently regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as antipopes are italicized.
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