Recoil energy is the measured energy in translational kinetic energy (Et) imparted to the shooter of a firearm when discharged and is expressed in Joule (J) or Foot-pound force (ft-lbf). Recoil energy, sometimes called “free recoil”, is a byproduct of the propulsive force from the powder charge held within a firearm chamber or breech. The physical event of recoil energy occurs when a powder charge is detonated within a firearm, resulting in the conversion of its chemical energy to thermodynamic energy. This energy is then transferred to the base of the projectile and to the rear of the cartridge or breech, recoiling the firearm rearward into the shooter while the projectile is propelled forward down the barrel. The rearward energy of the firearm when calculated is the recoil energy and the
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