This is an article about an 1857 U.S. Supreme Court case concerning Native American land rights in upstate New York. It was decided the day before the more famous Dred Scott case. What makes it so remarkable is that an indigenous party actually prevailed in the Supreme Court for the first time. The article is based on a comprehensive review of (1) the reported decisions in this case and its sister cases, both in the various New York courts and the Supreme Court; (2) contemporary newspaper coverage; and (3) legal and academic commentary from books and law reviews. It has formerly been on DYK and has been a GA for quite some time. This article has had two disappointing FACs. (FAC 1; FAC 2) Neither generated any supporrts or opposes, or any substantial substantive comments. I would be extreme