The UN Human Development Index (HDI) measures poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. The index was developed in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq, and has been used since 1993 by the United Nations Development Programme in its annual report. The HDI measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: The HPI-1 value of 31.5% for Haiti, ranks 97th among 135 countries for which the index has been calculated.