The "Singing Revolution" is a name coined by an Estonian activist and artist, Heinz Valk, in an article published a week after the June 10–11, 1988, commonly given to events between 1987 and 1991 that led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and relates to the spontaneous mass 'night-singing' demonstrations, in which hymns and patriotic song were sung, that were held by local dissidents in the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Estonian: Lauluväljak).