The battle of Kherlen was a battle between Borjigin Mongolia and Ming China that took place at the banks of Kherlen River (Kerulen) in Mongolia on 23 September 1409. After Bunyashiri had been crowned with the title of Öljei Temür in 1403, the Yongle Emperor sent an envoy to congratulate and demand submission of him in 1409. Öljei Temür Khagan Bunyashiri detained the envoy to express he was not willing to join the tributary relationship with the Ming. The Asud leader, Arughtai, beheaded another envoy of Yongle in the same year and declared his allegiance to the Khagan. Yongle in return dispatched a large punitive expedition of 100,000 men to Mongolia.