A Referer is a Culture term for an entity with significantly lower intelligence than a Mind who is able to accurately predict outcomes in complex systems nearly 100% of the time. Such individuals are of special interest to Minds and under constant evaluation. They also aid Minds in decision making and planning. Field Referers were a subset who actively took part in front line operations instead of merely acting as advisers. At one point during the Idiran-Culture War, there were 30 to 40 known Culture Referers, out of over 18 trillion people in the Culture.