Scarecrow is a minor antagonist of the Dark Outlaws series. Taunted and bullied in his youth, Jonathan Crane vowed to overcome his fears voraciously through the study of psychology and biochemistry on phobias and the nature of fear. Kicked out of his university for experimenting on human subjects, Crane adopted the identity of the Scarecrow and armed himself with a specialized fear-inducing gas that made a person's deepest phobia become frighteningly real. His ongoing criminal reign of terror made him one of Batman's most psychologically dangerous foes.