Robert Matheson (November 25, 1944 in Boone, North Carolina – September 5, 1994) was a linebacker who played thirteen seasons in the National Football League. He played in two Super Bowls for the Miami Dolphins. A standout linebacker at Duke, he was drafted in 1967 by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the NFL Draft, which was the final year in which the NFL and the AFL held separate drafts. He was then acquired by the Dolphins prior to the 1971 season, after Miami defensive coordinator Bill Arnsparger requested head coach Don Shula to do so.