The Republic of the Rif (Berber: Tagduda n Arif, Arabic: جمهورية الريف‎) borders on the north the cities of Ceuta and Melilla (who did not belong to the territory of the Protectorate as they were Spanish territory) and the international condominium of Tangier, both south and east is bordered with the Kingdom of Morocco (former French Protectorate of Morocco). Although formally independent, the Rif Republic is by all means a satellite state of Spain due to its trade and commercial relationship. Spain also a signed a treaty of Defense and as installed naval and military bases.